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Louis XVII (27 March 1785 in Versailles – 8 June 1795 in Paris), from birth to 1789 known as ''Louis-Charles, Duke of Normandy''; then from 1789 to 1791 as Louis-Charles, Dauphin of France; and from 1791 to 1792 as ''Louis-Charles, Prince Royal of France'', was the younger son of King Louis XVI of France and Queen Marie Antoinette. As the son of the king, he was a ''Fils de France'' (''Son of France''). His older brother, Louis Joseph, died in June 1789, just a few weeks before the start of the French Revolution. When his father was executed on 21 January 1793, during the middle-period of the French Revolution, he became (nominally) King of France and Navarre in the eyes of the royalists. However, since France was by then a republic, and Louis XVII had been imprisoned from August 1792 until his death from illness in 1795 at the age of 10, he was never officially king, nor did he rule. His title was bestowed by his royalist supporters and acknowledged implicitly by his uncle's later adoption of the regnal name Louis XVIII rather than Louis XVII, upon the restoration of the Bourbon monarchy in 1814. ==Biography== Louis-Charles de France was born at the Palace of Versailles, the second son and third child of his parents, Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette. He became the Dauphin at the death of his elder brother, Louis-Joseph. Like all royal children of the time, Louis-Charles was cared for by multiple people. The Queen appointed governesses to look after all three of her living children. Louis-Charles' original governess was Yolande de Polastron, duchesse de Polignac, who left France near the beginning of the revolution; she was replaced by marquise Louise Élisabeth de Tourzel. Additionally, the Queen selected Agathe de Rambaud to be the official nurse of Louis-Charles. Alain Decaux wrote (somewhat dramatically): "Madame de Rambaud was officially in charge of the care of the Dauphin from the day of his birth until 10 August 1792, in other words, for seven years. During these seven years, she never left him, she cradled him, took care of him, dressed him, comforted him, scolded him. Many times, more than Marie Antoinette, she was a true mother for him".〔''Alain Decaux, Louis XVII retrouvé'', 1947, p. 306.(【引用サイトリンク】 Gallica )〕 On 6 October 1789 the royal family was forced by the revolution to move from Versailles to the Tuileries Palace in Paris, where they spent the next three years. There the family lived a secluded life, and Marie Antoinette dedicated most of her time to her children, especially the little Dauphin. On 21 June 1791 the family tried to escape in secrecy in an incident known as the Flight to Varennes, but the attempt failed after the family was recognized and returned to Paris. When the Tuileries was stormed by an armed mob on 10 August 1792, the royal family sought refuge at the Legislative Assembly. On 13 August, the royal family was imprisoned in the tower of the Temple. At first their conditions were not extremely harsh, but they were prisoners and were re-styled as "Capets" by the newborn Republic. The king, Louis XVI, was separated from his family and tried in December. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Louis XVII of France」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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